Buddha. Who is Buddha? A wandering ascetic. Spiritual teacher. Enlightened soul. Meditator. Monk. Listener. Speaker. Seeker. Giver. What do I hark back on when I think about Buddha? How do his words implore me to pursue a transcendent state devoid of suffering, desire, and a sense of self?

I didn’t know what it was, that I was looking for, but I knew that I wouldn’t find it by staying in one place. So I kept travelling, and eventually, I found myself in pearl-hued Mahiyangana, walking on the same sand-covered path that Buddha once took to get here after he acquired enlightenment. It was his first trip to Sri Lanka in 1 B.E. or 528 B.C.

I then crossed hairpin bends and perpendicular, paddy-fringed roads to Nagadipa, in the north, and thought to myself, “This must be the road that Buddha took in 5 B.E. or 523 B.C.” I decided to take the road and see for myself. Rung by reverence, and of lighted lamps, the air was thick with the smell of incense and spices, and the sound of music and laughter filled the air. I could imagine Buddha walking the same path. I could feel the serenity that he must have felt on his journey. I knew that I was on the right path.

I returned to Colombo after a few days, but, before I could leave the island, I went to Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya, which Buddha visited in 9 B.E. to deliver a Dharma speech on request of king Maniakkika. It was his third visit to Sri Lanka and the last one too. However, at the end of this trip, Buddha realised that Lanka would be the country where his faith would be most revered.

Despite the fact that Buddha lived many centuries before us, his philosophy has reached us through a multitude of channels. Because his teachings are based on the fundamental notion that enlightenment is a continuous process rather than a fleeting flash, his concepts are timeless and have a profound impact.

So I stepped back in time at Kelaniya, eager to explore everything Buddhism had to offer! I soon found myself in front of the golden statue of Buddha. I knew that I was in the presence of something special. I closed my eyes and said a silent prayer. When I opened my eyes, I knew where I was going next.

Rajagala (The Monarch’s Rock)

On my fourth visit to the island, I followed the road to Mihintale, a mountain peak near Anuradhapura, where Buddhist monk Mahinda met King Devanampiyatissa to establish Buddhism in Sri Lanka.

The 1,600-acre Rajagala archaeological complex, second only to the Mihintale monastery in Anuradhapura, was my final destination, and I was blown away by its sheer size and scope.

This enormous site contains approximately 600 prehistoric ruins, monuments, and artefacts, including ancient stupas. It’s an incredible place to explore, and I was lucky enough to find answers to many of my questions about the history of Buddhism here. 

It was a sunny day, but Rajagalathenna felt especially isolated. The closest hub is Ampara, but it takes an hour to get there. From Polonnaruwa, we took the third exit onto Maithripala Sirisena Mawatha and travelled to the remote settlement of Maha Oya along the Chenkaladi-Badulla highway.

The ancient site is located in a knockabout area and was challenging to get to. But what mystery does Rajagalathenna hold? When the King was alive, Rajagala was “Girikhumbila,” as the mountain range resembles a sleeping crocodile from a distance. Only the activity centre of the forest, which covers a fairly large part of the remains, was divested in 1890 to restore the monuments.

However, the unequivocal monastery of Rajagala, hidden in the backcountry, was snappily forgotten because there were more significant literal places around. Following 15 centuries, the monastery complex was completely consumed by the wilderness, only to be rediscovered in the 1940s by renowned archaeologist Senarath Paranavithana.

The air was thick, with anticipation as we made our way up the mountain. My heart was pounding in my chest as I thought about all the remarkable artefacts I was about to see. My guide, who was leading the way, seemed to sense my excitement and started chatting away about the history of the mountain. “You know, there used to be four different paths up to the plateau from all cardinal directions. But only two have been discovered so far.”

The main road splits into two directions at the peak; one leads to the numerous ruins and monuments on the northern slope, the other to the eastern slope across a large rock boulder. It took us a while to move from boulder to boulder through the forest. A longer path with stairs is built to the first one, which connects to parking areas at the foothill. Either climb will take you more than an hour. The cars can drive to the office of the archaeological site. 

The ascent to the top from the office is a 1.5-kilometre natural track adventure through several ruins, Sangaramas buildings, pillars, guard stones, and moonstones. The only sound that drowned out the chirping birds in the background was that of my guide and my footsteps marching on the dry leaves.

As we rounded a corner, I caught my first glimpse of the ruins. My breath caught in my throat. It was even more incredible than I had imagined. Even before the first century BC, Bhikkhus dwelt here. I spent the next few hours exploring the ruins and learning about the people who had once called this place home. 

Extensive rainforest remains have been excavated all across the mountain’s northern summit. According to an inscription, the Arahat Mahinda Thero, who introduced Buddhism to Sri Lanka, visited the Rajagalathenna Temple. Only two rock inscriptions mention the Arahat Mahinda Thero, one at this location and the other at Mihintale.

As mentioned on a nearby stone inscription, the ashes of Arahat Mahinda Thero and his adherent Itthiya Thera are interred in a stupa here. This makes Rajagalathenna an important pilgrimage site for Buddhists from all over the world. Likely, the ashes are still present because no excavation work has been carried out to confirm the ancient writings.

Caves of Ancient Scribblings

Rajagala monastery was once one of the most splendid monasteries in Ruhuna. It is on Thoppigala mountain, overlooking the rolling hills of the region. The monastery was supported, by King Kavantissa of Digamadulla and later by King Saddatissa and his son Prince Lajatissa. The monks who lived there were experts in the scriptures and offered guidance and wisdom to those who sought it.

The monastery complex was decimated many years ago, but the memories of its glory still live on. Today, the mountain that Rajagala monastery once stood on is still a place of pilgrimage for those who seek the wisdom of the ancients. The monastic bhikkhus live in drip-ledged caves further down the mountain. The interior walls, massive stone slabs, and granite boulders of the caves all have writings. 

Some caves even retain their structural integrity. The bhikkhus who live in those caves spend their days in meditation, contemplating Buddha’s teachings. As I walked closer to the caves, I saw writings in a strange language. I was intrigued and asked if I could also see the artwork. The bhikkhu hesitated but then agreed.

He took me into one of the caves and showed me the plaster-covered walls. I asked one of the bhikkhus about it, and he told me that it is because those particular cave walls are too sacred for human eyes. Perhaps they hold Buddha’s journey to enlightenment in such detail and with such meaning. I was mesmerised by the beauty of it all. As I stood in front of those sacred cave walls, I felt a deep sense of understanding.

The largest cave, Cave 1, is thought to have been the main shrine for the ancient Buddhists who created this complex. The cave is decorated with a relief of the Buddha and has a large stupa in the centre. Cave 2 is smaller and less ornate, but it contains a statue of the Buddha that is believed to be one of the oldest in Sri Lanka. Caves 3 and 4 are even smaller, but they have some of the most well-preserved frescoes in the complex.

A great deal of thought and care went into the creation of this religious site. The caves were designed to be both beautiful and functional, and they have served as a place of worship for centuries.

18-foot-long, Tumbled Buddha Statue

When we arrived at the 18-foot-long, stone-hewn, tumbled Buddha statue, I forgot all about my walking pangs. The stone Buddha statue loomed large as we approached it, its surface worn smooth from countless years of erosion. Archaeologists are still looking for where it may have once stood, but from where we were,

it was an impressive sight. As we stood there in silence, I could feel the weight of history bearing down on us. When Prince Lajjithissa took over the throne from his father, he decided to expand the existing site into a full-blown complex.

He offered the building to the monks and lavishly endowed the monastery. By the 9th century, the monastery itself was long gone, destroyed by the elements and time, with the fall of the Anuradhapura Kingdom. I’m so grateful to have had the chance to see it. 

Mihindu Seya

My guide then took me to Mihindu Seya, a stone stupa housing the remains of Arahat Mahinda. This is the most significant landmark of the Rajagala monastery, with writings on the rock surface next to the stupa. Strangely, one of the two archaeological pieces of evidence of Buddha landing on the island is a stone inscription discovered close to the “Mihindu Seya,” which is where the remains of Arahat Mahinda and Arahat Uththiya are revered. In my imagination, after converting the island’s king to Buddhism, Buddha then took his leave.

But, as he did so, he placed his hand on the column and said, “This stone shall forever bear my image and remind all who see it of my great love for this island and its people.” And so it has been for centuries. The long stone column protruding from the peak originated in the sacred relic chamber, where the stone shadow is firmly anchored.

The stupa’s structure, a triangle-shaped grouping of identical rough stones, is unique to Sri Lanka and strangely reminds one of those seen in Tibet’s high elevations. Every day, pilgrims from all over the world come to gaze upon the stone column and reflect on the Buddha’s great love for all beings.

Rock and Stone Bowls

The guide showed me the etchings mentioning Arahat Mahinda and Itthiya and then took me to the additional inscriptions. We then strolled around the “Gal Pattaraya” (stone bowl), which would astound anyone visiting Rajagala. Buddha once said, “Drop by drop is the water pot filled.

Likewise, the wise man, gathering it little by little, fills himself with good.” But the engravings, the water and food bowls, and the cave ruins are all that’s left today. Gal Pattaraya had been used as containers for food during the almsgiving for meditating bhikkhus. The monks of Rajagala were some of the most serene and noble people of their time.

They lived a simple life devoted to meditation. Their days were spent in silence, broken only by the occasional meal or conversation. The monks were self-sufficient, using cutting-edge technology to create massive granite bowls that stored food and water. 

The bowls were the biggest ever discovered on the island and served as a reminder of the monks’ attainments. It’s extraordinary to think about how this place must have looked and sounded when it was full of life. It is now a mute relic of a bygone era.

Sitting in the refectory, I couldn’t help but notice the massive Dhorana tree next to me. It was easily the biggest tree I had ever seen, and it looked like it was as old as time itself. I was amazed that such a rare tree was in the Rajagalathenna region. Elk, deer, fishing cats, and crocodiles are common wildlife sightings in the Rajagalathenna region. And for avid bird watchers, the dense canopy provides plenty of opportunities to spot rarer birds.

Ancient Buddhist Ruins

It is a hot, sunny day as I walk across the dusty plains towards the ruins. I can see the two stupas in the distance, rising out of the rubble like sentinels. The bigger one is thought to date back to the third century BCE, and the smaller one to the first, making them the island’s earliest buildings. The complex was deserted when King Mahasen, who persecuted Buddhism in the 2nd century, was in power.

As I get closer, I see that the ruins are even more extensive than I thought. There are stone buildings, pillars, guard stones, and other intriguing artefacts spread out over a 2.5-square-mile area. I wander through the ruins, marvelling at the history that surrounds me. As I walk, I can’t help but feel a sense of sadness at the thought of all that was lost. But then I remember that the ruins are still here, and they are a testament to the strength and resilience of the human spirit.

The Saririka statue and the Kalanda Stupa

The Saririka statue is a beautiful and imposing sight at the Rajagala Buddhist ruins. This life-size granite statue illustrates a standing woman from the 12th century and has been well-preserved over the years. Another fascinating artefact at the Rajagala Buddhist ruins is the Kalanda stupa, dating back to the 3rd century BC, making it one of the oldest structures at the site. This brick stupa, decorated with beautiful carvings, is a testament to the skill of the ancient architects.

It was once, piled with the relics of the Buddha himself. But now, the stupa stands empty. Its once-mighty walls now stand crumbling and forgotten. What happened to the stupa? No one knows for sure. Some say that the relics of the Buddha were taken away by thieves, while others believe that they were destroyed during the time of the great persecution of Buddhists.

Whatever the case may be, the stupa still holds a certain power. For within its walls, one can still feel the presence of the Buddha. Both the Saririka statue and the Kalanda stupa are just a few of the many fascinating things to see at the Rajagala Buddhist ruins. If you ever have the chance to visit this site, you will not be disappointed! 

Rassaagala Mountain

Rajagala was once a thriving monastery, based on the remnants and ruins that can still be seen today, but along with the mountain, it would take a few days to explore it thoroughly. The stone structures discovered so far include stupas, monastic residences, assembly halls, a refectory, rock ponds, majestic promenades, a beautiful lake with stone steps leading down to it, an old water reservoir with a natural spring, wattle and daub separations still intact, and numerous stone inscriptions in early Brahimi Sinhalese.

The stupas with the shape of a parasol (chakra) rather than a more typical pinnacle at the top stand out as distinctive. They are a reminder of the monastery’s past glory and a testament to the skilled craftsmanship of the monks who built them. Today Rajagala mountain is a peaceful place where visitors can come to appreciate the beauty of nature and the history of this once-great monastery.

The first thing that strikes you about Rajagala is its area. Although it is not as large as some of the other ancient monastic complexes in Sri Lanka, it is still quite impressive. The second thing that hits you is its location. Nestled in the foothills of the Rassaagala mountain, Rajagala has one of the most beautiful landscapes in the world.

The third thing is its history. This site has been occupied by humans for over two thousand years! The fourth and final thing is its potential. Although extensively excavated, there is still a lot of work to be done. The site is massive, and there is a lot of ground to cover. If you are looking for a place to affirm your faith in our ancient heritage, then Rajagala is the perfect archaeological site for you.

A Homemade Lunch

The air was thick with humidity as we trudged through the mountain. Our final destination was the open-air Jantaghara (assembly hall), where I was feted to a homemade lunch on a banana leaf. A few signboards hung over the trees requesting visitors to preserve nature.

My guide offered me a leaf parcel containing rice, dhal curry, kunkun (a leafy vegetable), and fried tank fish.

I opened it and began to eat, savouring the delicious flavours of authentic Sri Lankan cuisine. As I ate, I couldn’t help but feel a sense of wonder at all the history and mystery that surrounds this place.

It was an incredible experience that I will never forget. And as Buddha says, “Those who cling to perceptions and views wander the world offending people.” As I left this place, I left my perceptions behind and returned more enlightened than before.

Author: Veidehi Gite is the founder of KrazyButterfly – ‘a mindful journal of curious travellers alike.‘ )

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Visit Tamarin salt pans early in the morning to watch salt pickers with salt baskets on their heads.

In April, when the waters have begun to calm, the tide is low, and migratory birds have camped on mudflats, I find myself surrounded by long solid rock squares among breathtaking mountain views, only a few minutes away from the hustle and bustle of the Black River region.

The seaside community of Tamarin is well-known for its salt pans in addition to its unbelievable dolphin show. In summer, you may see a remarkable live presentation about salt extraction with ever-beautiful mountain vistas as a backdrop. Pulled from the saline seas of Mauritius, this salt has made Les Salines de Tamarin one of Mauritius‘ most pictured landmarks.

All the multicoloured pools of water, you see here, are the result of the salt mining process. It was nice to visit a salt pan that has managed to stay on its grounds for over 200 years in a time when salt pans are practically extinct in Mauritius as importing salt gets cheaper.

Tamarin in the Rivière Noire Black River district covers around 30 hectares of salt pans shrouded by beautiful hills. The former fishermen’s community of Tamarin, on the western coast, is now a regulated tourist resort village, popular with surfers. Salt manufacturing in Tamarin goes back to the French era, and the process remains predominantly intact even after two centuries. The hot climate of the region is perfect for salt production.

Historical background of salt harvesting

Salt, a white granular spice, is a must-have in every kitchen since it aids in the maintenance of a balanced diet while also enhancing the flavour of food. Did you know, though, that this timeless ingredient has been a part of the world’s history since 6050 BC? Salt was historically produced from rock deposits or solar evaporation ponds, which are shallow, man-made basins that harvest salt from the mineral-rich sea through natural evaporation.

A Chinese pharmacy text from 2700 B.C. lists 40 different salts and describes two salt extraction processes. Like the wage, early Roman soldiers received special salt rations. The ingredient was a sacred offering and a crucial trade item in ancient Egypt. The salt monopoly of Japan and Venice, as well as, Austria, Bolivia, and France, launched them to continental economic domination.

In the 13th century, salt played an integral role in West African history, and it continues to do so now. At the end of the 15th century, the Portuguese and Spanish fleets salted their catch on board with wet and dry salting methods. However, because a single litre of saltwater only contains 30 grammes of salt, the laborious procedure of seawater salt harvesting was supplanted by modern technology.

In recent years, as many as 93 countries have continued to gather salt, with China, the United States, India, Germany, Canada, and Australia leading the way. However, traditional sea salt harvesting is excelled in Indonesia, Japan, France, Slovenia, India, and Mauritius.

The legacy of Tamarin salt pans

Mauritius’ history and culture are interlaced with the salt pans. During the French time, salt was a valuable commodity, notably for the conservancy of meat on ships, and that’s how it became an essential element of Mauritius’ culture. The Tamarin Salt Pans, which date back to the 18th century, are one of Mauritius’ oldest salt farms. The saunière’s ancestral gestures still haunt this location, where physical labour was onerous but was Mauritius’ pride on this side of the island.

Today, these Salt Pans are the only ones in Mauritius where sea salt is gathered in a traditional and artisanal manner, in close collaboration with local communities. These salt pans are located at the entrance to the settlement of Tamarin, towards the foot of the La Tourelle mountain.

The gates were locked and there was no salt in sight when I visited these salt pans on a beautiful cold morning in April. But the sheer beauty of the vast surroundings, belted by lava stone checkerboards, piqued my interest in the salt-making process. These Black River salt pans are one of a kind.

Artisanal salt harvesting

If you’re as intrigued as I was, here’s the scoop: Tamarin salt pans are a collection of square, shallow cobblestone basins filled with seawater pumped straight from the neighbouring sea. It is turned into brine by the wind and the sun as it circulates. It is then led into the eyelets or crystallisers where salt crystals form.

As the water evaporates, salt crystals mature over the next few days, and the salt residue is extracted and stored. The dry crystallisers can still be seen in the remnants of the salt pans. September through January is the harvesting season. While it may simply be the salt and water pools, a tour of Tamarin’s salt Pans is rather, educational.

I had no notion that when it rains, salt turns brown, only to be used for agriculture. This was an amazing discovery! In summer, salt workers with their wide-brimmed hats, rubber boots, gloves, shovels, and vats, dig the salt with a shovel and place them into their wicker baskets.

If you have an opportunity to view the salt in its entirety, it will remind you of frozen, frosted earth from a motion picture. Fleur de sel, which is more delicate and high in magnesium, is collected in a lousse from surface water, while more sizeable rock salt crystals are piled from the pans’ bottoms. Previously, salt was placed in wicker baskets and dried outside, but now plastic buckets with drainage holes are used. 

Mauritian Pride!

These pans and storerooms are entirely fashioned from volcanic pavers. The salt is reaped during the dry summer months, and when it rains, it’s back to Pan one! The harvested salt is dried indoors in the rock building before being bagged and sent. Tamarin salt pans are part of the Mauritian legacy, foreknew that they will continue to operate for a long time, preserving the Black River region’s culture.

The salt pans are open all year, and harvests are dependent on the weather. To help with the environment, a bicycle route and a pedestrian walkway are built around the salt pans. So, the next time you’re in Mauritius, be sure to visit this ancient yet offbeat landmark, which sits like a crown jewel in Mauritius’ honour.

Health benefits of traditional salt harvesting

What is sea salt? Sea salt is the purest and most natural form of salt obtained from the ocean. Unlike table salt, they are not iodized and are created by evaporating and filtering salty water from oceans and lakes. A small pinch increases the flavour of the food while also preserving all of the essential nutrients and minerals, making it nutritionally beneficial.

Because of its potent anti-inflammatory and alkalising properties, sea salt boosts the immune system, reduces pain and inflammation caused by arthritis and osteoarthritis, improves cardiac functioning and cardiovascular health, promotes digestion, rejuvenates skin, combats respiratory anomalies, and relieves muscle cramps and stress.

Sea salt, unlike table salt, does not raise blood pressure, and using just a pinch of it reduces hypertension and the risk of heart disease. Tamarin sea salt has a lower sodium content and a higher potassium content than many other salts on the market.

(About the author: Veidehi Gite is a travel journalist and author with over 7 years of experience in the field of travel writing. She covers travel, luxury, gastronomy, fashion, and fitness in her articles.)

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However, one is also reminded of the numerous references to the Hindu trinity, as well as the family temples that line each side of the road, reinforcing the religious tie. Let your love not confine you to the beautiful beaches or luxury resorts now that the island is open again following the pandemic.

Instead, step out and explore some of the cultural marvels, such as the architectural uniqueness of the water temples or mythological representations of the Indian epic Ramayana through a traditional dance form.

Kecak – a trance-inducing Indo-Balinese ritual dance

Kecak, a trance-inducing Indo-Balinese ritual dance, is one such practice that highlights Bali’s deep Indian links. With its peculiar sounds, Kecak puts you in a hypnotic state, and every time you recall the experience, a pleasant reminiscence of recurrent beats will fill your mind. However, when you first arrive at the Batubulan dance stadium you are likely to expect yet another musical exposition of the famous Hindu epic Ramayana. One has no idea that this fairly simple dance form can transform into mesmerism of its own in just a few minutes.

The event is generally scheduled to start at 6.30 p.m. at sunset, and all one needs is a $7 (IDR 100,000) ticket to get a seat in the open-air theatre. It’s best to arrive early to obtain the front-row seats! There are only a few steps between the main counter and the theatrical grandstand.

On the other hand, a little area of forest marks the path’s left side. Because the plot of the Ramayana revolves around characters spending a lot of time in the woods, seeing a spotted fawn eating grass immediately sets the tone for the audience. An open stage with no proscenium is the principal performing space. It is projected into the crowd and encircled by them on three sides.

Balinese culture compares to ancient India but seeing a live Kecak performance is a whole other experience. A stunning spectacle is exposed behind an impenetrable shroud. More than fifty men, dressed in traditional clothing, sit in a circle on the platform. As many as 150 men are said to be involved in this chanting march.

At 6.30 p.m., the drama begins to unfold. As they sit in concentric rings around a traditional Balinese light, the bare-chested Balinese performers begin singing melodic syllables that distinctively construct a musical monologue. These men in striped loincloths symbolise Prince Ram’s monkeys and giants.

They rally-call Chak-Ke-Chak by rhythmically moving their upper bodies and hands from left to right. The rhythm gradually builds up speed, and Kecak’s noises resonate throughout the hall. On this island, one learns that art and music are as much a part of their culture as in India. The impact of Hinduism is evident via the worshipping of Balinese Dewa Siwa, or as is known in India, Lord Shiva, or Nataraja, one of the trinity of supreme gods who created dance and the cosmos.

One of these males keeps the beat going by hollering Po-Po-Po. Chiaaat, Deeh, and other sounds are yowled by the chorus leader. Another man sings in a pleasant tone during the chanting.

Throughout the performance, one person recounts the narrative in both Balinese and Sanskrit. In the 1930s, this musical dance play, called Kechak, became popular and this one-of-a-kind dance features no musical instruments or a theatrical backdrop, unlike a standard orchestra. It was solely done by men until 2006, following which it was introduced to women.

The Ramayana, performed at Bali’s most famous temples, is the plot of this theatrical play. The Ramayana monkey chant is another name for the narrative. Hanuman’s burning of the fortress, for example, conjures up images of trance rites. Before performing the fire dance, Hanuman obtains blessings from a priest.

Because he is in a half-conscious condition due to the lack of external stimulation, he is pain-free. The Ramayana battle is shown in the recitation, in which prince Ram fights the evil King Ravana with the assistance of a monkey army commanded by Hanuman.

This sunset performance begins with a damsel in distress narrative and ends with the antics of a cheeky monkey. Ram and Sita’s self-imposed exile in the Panchavati jungles is shown in the opening scene. By capturing Sita, Ravana ravaged Ram, Sita, and Laxman’s peace.

As the Kecak chanters in sync with the story’s atmosphere, the show re-enacts the wandering of the Golden Deer, Sita’s abduction, Ravana and Jatayu’s collision, and Hanuman’s quest for Sita, and eventually the fight between Ram and Ravana.

In short, King Ravana dispatches Mareecha, his first minister, to alienate Sita and kidnap her. Mareecha transforms into a golden deer and enters the woodland using his magical talents.

Sita is pleased when she sees the golden deer and begs Prince Ram to go retrieve it for her. To appease Sita, Ram pursues the deer. He does, however, entrust Sita’s protection to his brother Laxman. Sita hears Ram’s screams for help and sends Laxman to follow him. After considerable hesitation, Lakshman pursues Ram, but not before drawing a mystical line (Lakshman Rekha) on the ground and warning Sita not to cross it under any circumstances.

Ravana takes advantage of the situation by impersonating a priest and deceiving Sita. He then goes on to Sita’s hut and makes an honest plea for food. She falls for this deception and feeds him outside the boundary. King Ravana then abducts her and carries her to his castle. After that, King Ravan attempts everything he can to capture Sita’s heart but remains unsuccessful.

Hanuman quickly comes into the castle and presents Ram’s ring as proof that he has come at Ram’s request. In exchange, Sita hands Hanuman her hairpin so Ram would know she is still alive and rushes to her aid. Ram and Lakshman are joined by Sugriwa, the king of monkeys, and his army to help in the rescue of Sita. Ram eventually beats Ravana and can flee with Sita to a safe area.

This epic tale is played out against a background of ritual chanting. The plot weaves around the difficulties Ram and Laxman experience while seeking to save Sita. When the sun sets and the sky darkens in the backdrop, the Kecak dance achieves its dramatic conclusion, depicting the mischievous monkey lighting fire to the palace. Smouldering orange and crimson flames in the centre of the stage bring the concert to a finish.

Kecak is a trance-inducing exorcism with roots in Sanghyang that dates back to the early nineteenth century. It is a dance that represents courage, beauty, combat tactics, and a strong moral message.

In 1930, a German artist named Walter Spies turned the rite into a theatrical drama to appeal to a Western audience. He worked closely with Indonesian dancer Wayan Limbak to popularise the dance by organising foreign tours. Therefore, today what you see, is Kecak demonstrating a modern art-culture system interwoven with marginalised cultural characteristics.

While the stage at Batubulan Auditorium is rung by a natural forest, Uluwatu in Badung Regency and Pura Dalem Taman Kaja in Gianyar Regency are two more fantastic sites on the island to experience the enchantment of Kecak amid breathtaking backdrops.

It is so great to be introduced to Balinese and Indian cultures through this cultural event, and what better way to learn about a country than through its traditional dance, right?

This Indo-Balinese dance style is a stunning work of art that will dazzle you. So do experience it if you ever find yourself in Bali. Each element, from the make-up to the artists to the screenplay to portrayal, tells a narrative: Now it’s up to you to go find it.

(About the author: Veidehi Gite is a travel journalist and author with over 7 years of experience in the field of travel writing. She covers travel, luxury, gastronomy, fashion, and fitness in her articles.)

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Japan has long been known for its ability to blend ancient traditions with cutting-edge technology. From the serene beauty of its temples to the bright neon lights of Tokyo, the country offers a unique mix of past and future. Recently, Japan has taken its tourism industry to new heights by integrating virtual entertainment experiences, allowing visitors to explore and enjoy the country in innovative ways. One surprising trend within this movement is the rise of online casinos as a popular form of entertainment, not just for locals, but for international tourists as well.

Cutting-Edge Technology in Tourism

Japan has embraced new technology across various aspects of its tourism sector, offering unforgettable virtual experiences. You can find museums and historical sites that incorporate virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) elements, letting tourists immerse themselves in Japan’s rich history. For instance, VR temple tours have gained popularity among travelers who want to experience Japan’s sacred spaces without leaving their homes. These digital experiences, like the interactive anime-themed VR attractions and digital art museums, allow visitors to enjoy Japan’s creative heritage in a modern, accessible format.

As a result, these advancements have become essential, especially in the post-pandemic world, where travel restrictions and social distancing encouraged Japan’s tourist industry to adapt to new trends. Whether exploring ancient temples or enjoying the digital wonders of Tokyo’s vibrant entertainment districts, visitors are now more likely to interact with Japan’s rich culture through technology.

The Rise of Virtual Entertainment: Online Casinos

Japan’s gaming industry is well known for its love of innovation, and online casinos are a growing part of the entertainment landscape. Combining advanced graphics, smooth gameplay, and even VR elements, Japan’s online casinos offer a rich and engaging experience that rivals traditional gaming. These platforms provide visitors with a taste of the country’s technical expertise while offering a convenient way to unwind after a day of exploring.

Many of these online casinos feature a wide range of games, including slots, poker, and live dealer experiences, which recreate the excitement of a real casino floor. This shift towards digital entertainment has caught the attention of international visitors who want to enjoy Japan’s tech-savvy culture from the comfort of their hotel rooms or even before arriving in the country. Hanbee Ohta, an expert at the online casino platform casinosnavi.com, notes, “Japan’s ability to create immersive online casino environments is truly impressive. The platforms are not only advanced but also tailored to provide both locals and tourists with a seamless gaming experience that reflects the country’s innovation.”

The Appeal of Online Casinos for International Tourists

The popularity of online casinos in Japan among international visitors isn’t just about convenience; it’s about experiencing something unique and engaging. Japan’s online casinos offer tourists a chance to dive into the country’s love for tech-driven entertainment while playing games that are widely accessible and easy to enjoy. Many of these platforms are available in multiple languages, making them an attractive option for visitors who may not speak Japanese but still want to try their luck at the tables or slot machines.

Another appealing aspect is the range of immersive features online casinos offer. Some platforms integrate live dealer games, where real-life hosts deal cards in real time, bringing the thrill of a casino right to the player’s screen. This innovation has helped to establish online casinos as a prime option for tourists looking for entertainment that goes beyond sightseeing.

Legal Aspects and Responsible Gaming

Although online casinos are thriving, Japan has strict regulations regarding gambling, with the country carefully balancing its cultural values and the need to offer modern entertainment options. These rules ensure that both tourists and locals can enjoy online casinos in a safe and controlled environment. One aspect that stands out is Japan’s commitment to responsible gaming. The platforms operating within the country must follow stringent guidelines that promote healthy gaming habits and protect players from potential risks associated with gambling.

This focus on responsibility has made Japan a leader in the ethical management of online casinos. Tourists who visit the country can rest assured that the platforms they engage with are designed with player safety in mind, ensuring a fun yet responsible experience.

The Integration of Virtual and Gaming Entertainment

The rise of online casinos in Japan is just one example of how the country is incorporating virtual entertainment into its broader tourism offering. As technology continues to evolve, tourists can expect even more immersive experiences that combine Japan’s cultural heritage with its passion for innovation. Whether through virtual temple visits, anime-themed VR attractions, or the digital thrills of online casinos, Japan is at the forefront of creating memorable and engaging experiences for travelers from all over the world.

In Summary

Japan’s embrace of online casinos as part of its tourism landscape reflects the country’s ability to innovate and offer tourists new forms of entertainment. Whether you’re a seasoned gamer or a curious traveler, Japan’s online casinos provide a glimpse into a future where travel and entertainment seamlessly blend together.

For many years in Sri Lanka, the sound of Beethoven has sounded like a call for bread. Music from my childhood was brought back to life by the rice fields between Jaffna and Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka.

However, it wasn’t the rice fields that were singing; it was a bigger version of a Tuk Tuk that was blasting music so loudly that it could be heard from a long way away.

As we neared the black vehicle, it became clear that it was a glass-encased food truck serving bread. Instead of a colourful display, this black three-wheeled Tuk Tuk has a glass display with precisely organized baked goods. The van is driven by a lean man in a red t-shirt.

“It’s the Choon Paan. The Sinhala word Choon Paan means music bread,” Siri, my driver, said.

Years after going extinct, the island’s mobile bread vendors have reappeared for the pandemic. A Choon Paan’s freshly baked Kimbulas will make you drool just by looking at them. Choon Paan travels alongside the rice fields north-east of Colombo, twice a day, starting at 7 a.m., selling loaves of bread.

Sausage rolls, round-shaped buttery buns, raisin-strewn pastries, fish buns, and jam-filled sugared bread prepared at local bakeries circle the highways in these black Tuk Tuks. At 4 p.m., they reappear, this time, delivering delectable pastries for tea.

When you hear the gentle hum of the breadman from afar, you know a Choon Paan has arrived. Beethoven’s famous Für Elise from 1810 is the source of the recognisable tune, which is known locally as “Choon paan music.”

For years, these black bakery trucks have been playing the same pre-recorded music. So, how did an Austrian piece of music become a symbol of Sri Lankan baked goods?

Mobile tuk-tuks became increasingly popular in Sri Lanka in the early 2000s as mobile phones became more widespread around the world. It was common for bakers to use them to distribute buns throughout the country. In the early 2000s, Für Elise, Beethoven’s most famous composition, was a popular ringtone.

Similar to Western countries, where an ice cream truck uses a horn speaker to alert people of its presence, the Choon Paan truck in Sri Lanka adapted the Beethoven ringtone. So, anytime people heard the tune in Sri Lanka, they’d go outside and wait for the “music bread” truck to arrive.

Over time, modern bakeries in Sri Lanka replaced the country’s previously ubiquitous music bread vans. In 2017, the former government restricted the use of loud music from mobile bakeries, which accelerated their downfall. If Beethoven didn’t announce that bread would be arriving, residents didn’t appear to take notice. Moreover, many city dwellers went on to think that chain bakery bread is superior.

Choon Paan, on the other hand, provides you with freshly baked products created by local bakeries. When compared to the mass-produced meals available in huge bakeries, these are far superior.

Sprinkled with sugar and formed into slender, claw, crocodile, pearl, and other shapes, these home-baked buns are outstandingly soft and delicious. They are stuffed with tinned salmon, seasoned potatoes, and chopped veggies and go well with a steaming cup of ginger tea. However, I tried some of the Choon paan baked goods with EGB ginger beer. This was, in my opinion, a winning combo!

As the wheel of time rotates, the modern bakeries have phased out, and Choon Paan is in! In recent months, the famed music bread trucks of Sri Lanka have come back to life due to an epidemic of coronavirus. In the face of the pandemic, cities have seen a growth in home-delivery services, making mobile bread vans an essential business.

The government permitted baked goods to be sold door-to-door. No later, bakers dusted up their outdated Choon paan trucks and set up a Tuk-Tuk bread distribution network almost overnight to ensure that housebound islanders could have their buns. Nowadays, residents flock to their gates for loaves of bread as the famous ringtone sounds of Für Elise return to Sri Lanka’s streets. While the pandemic may have caused a lot of havoc, it also brought a few old traditions back to life.

Regardless of where you live on the planet, I’m sure you heard Beethoven as a child. Now come and experience it in Sri Lanka the Sinhala way!

(About the author: Veidehi Gite is the founder of KrazyButterfly – ‘a mindful journal of curious travellers alike.‘ )

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